![]() ![]() We have made a deliberate effort to present a comprehensive spectrum of current Mauna Loa research by building on a December 1993 symposium at the AGU Fall Meeting that considered (1) what is currently known about Mauna Loa, (2) critical problems that need to be addressed, and (3) the technical means to solve these problems, and by soliciting contributions that were not part of the symposium. The scope is broad, encompassing the geologic and exploratory history of the volcano, an overview of its submarine geology, its structure, petrologic and geochemical characteristics, and what Mauna Loa has to tell us about the Hawaiian mantle plume it covers also remote sensing methods and the use of gravity, seismic and deformational studies for eruption monitoring and forecasting, hazards associated with the volcano, and even the importance of a changing volcanic landscape with a wide spectrum of climate zones as an ecological laboratory. This volume serves to place on record the current state of our knowledge concerning Mauna Loa at the beginning of the Decade Volcano Project. Mauna Loa is a volcano of superlatives: it is the largest active volcano on Earth and among the most productive. Mauna Loa Revealed: Structure, Composition, History, and Hazards Heaviest flower losses occurred during anthesis, and were due to wind, rain, and possibly the dropping of unpollinated heads. At 6,700 feet it extended from early March until mid-May. At 4,000 feet heavy flowering began in early December and lasted until early March. Phenology of Acacia koa on Mauna Loa, Hawaiiįlowering of koa was strongly seasonal on the Mauna Loa Strip. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA-JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Other resources about Mauna Loa: Astronaut photograph ISS005-E-7002 was provided by the Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory at Johnson Space Center. This facility, known as the Mauna Loa Observatory, is the site where scientists have documented the constantly increasing concentrations of global atmospheric carbon dioxide. A weather observatory run by NOAA's Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Lab is on the volcano's north slope at 11,000 ft (3397 m). The straight line the cuts through the center of the crater from top to bottom is a rift zone-an area that pulls apart as magma reaches the surface. The sharp features of the summit caldera and lava flows that drain outward from the summit are tribute to the fact that Mauna Loa is one of the Earth's most active volcanoes. Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on our planet-the summit elevation is 4,170 m (over 13,600 ft), but the volcano's summit rises 9 km above the sea floor. Astronauts obtained this detailed image of the summit caldera of Mauna Loa volcano, called Mokuaweoweo Caldera. ![]()
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